Afghan Persian is the form of Persian used in Afghanistan, where the government adopted the name Dari for it in 1964. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family and is written in the Perso-Arabic alphabet. Persian speakers from Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan can generally understand one another, though accent and vocabulary differ, and Afghan pronunciation preserves some older sound distinctions that Iranian Persian has lost. Within Afghanistan the language crosses ethnic lines: Tajiks, Hazaras and Aimaqs speak it natively, and many Pashto speakers use it as a second language, so a clear majority of the population can communicate in it. It dominates broadcasting, literature and government paperwork. Speaker estimates vary widely, but tens of millions of people in Afghanistan use Afghan Persian every day.
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