Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where around ten million people speak it. It belongs to the Oghuz branch of the Turkic family, which makes it a close relative of Turkish; speakers of the two can understand each other to a considerable degree. Few languages have changed script so often. In Azerbaijan it was written in the Arabic script until the 1920s, then in Latin, then from 1939 in Cyrillic under Soviet rule, before returning to a Latin alphabet after independence in 1991. The northern standard rests on the speech of Baku and the Shirvan region. Vocabulary shows heavy borrowing from Persian and Arabic alongside its Turkic core, and Russian loanwords remain common in everyday conversation.
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