Burushaski is a language isolate, meaning linguists have found no demonstrated relationship between it and any other language family. It is spoken in the Hunza, Nagar and Yasin valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan in northern Pakistan, high in the Karakoram mountains, with a smaller community in Srinagar in India. Estimates put the number of speakers at around 100,000. The Hunza-Nagar and Yasin varieties differ noticeably in vocabulary and pronunciation. Burushaski has no long-established written tradition of its own; when it is written down, adapted forms of the Urdu alphabet or the Latin script are generally used. The language is known for its complex grammar, including four noun classes and an unusually elaborate verb system, which has kept it a subject of academic interest for well over a century.
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