Dari is the Afghan variety of Persian and one of Afghanistan's two official languages alongside Pashto. It serves as the country's main lingua franca, spoken as a first or second language by a large majority of Afghans, plausibly 25 million people or more. Dari is written in the Perso-Arabic script and is mutually intelligible with the Persian of Iran, usually called Farsi, and of Tajikistan, though pronunciation and everyday vocabulary differ noticeably. Major dialects include Kabuli, which underpins the broadcast standard, and Herati in the west. Persian carries a celebrated literary tradition stretching back more than a thousand years, and poets such as Rumi wrote within it. Afghan communities in the UK have grown considerably since 2001, and again after 2021, making Dari one of the more frequently encountered community languages in Britain.
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