Spelled Kirghiz in older English sources, Kyrgyz is the state language of Kyrgyzstan. It belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic family and shows features typical of Turkic languages, including vowel harmony and agglutinative word building. In Kyrgyzstan it is written in a modified Cyrillic alphabet and used alongside Russian, which keeps official status as well. An estimated 4 to 5 million people speak it, mostly in Kyrgyzstan, with further communities in China's Xinjiang region, where an Arabic-based script is used, and in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. The language carries a strong oral tradition, most famously the Manas epic, a verse cycle many times longer than the Iliad and central to Kyrgyz identity.
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