Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, spoken in the Mithila region of northern Bihar and across the border in Nepal's Terai plains, where it ranks as the country's second most spoken language. Speaker figures vary a great deal: the Indian census records around 13 million, while broader estimates run far higher once Nepal and unreported speakers are counted. Maithili was added to the list of India's scheduled languages in 2003, giving it official recognition. It was traditionally written in its own Tirhuta script, though Devanagari has largely taken over in print and education. The literary tradition is old and distinguished; the poet Vidyapati, writing around the turn of the fifteenth century, remains its most celebrated figure, and his songs are still performed in the region today.
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