Montenegrin is the official language of Montenegro, a status set out in the 2007 constitution following independence. It is a South Slavic standard variety based, like Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian, on the Shtokavian dialect, and speakers of all four understand one another without difficulty; the differences are largely matters of standardisation and identity. Montenegrin uses the Ijekavian pronunciation and is written in both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, with Latin more common in practice. Its standard adds two letters for sounds heard in Montenegrin speech, though their use remains limited. In censuses, Montenegro's population divides between those naming their language Montenegrin and those naming it Serbian, so speaker figures depend on self-identification; a few hundred thousand people declare Montenegrin. The language received its own international code in 2017.
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