Pahari is an umbrella term, meaning roughly of the hills, applied to a chain of Indo-Aryan languages spoken along the Himalayan foothills of Pakistan, India and Nepal. In a UK context it most often refers to the Pahari-Pothwari speech of Mirpur in Pakistani-administered Kashmir, closely related to Punjabi, which is the heritage language of a large share of Britain's Pakistani community, particularly in Birmingham, Bradford and other northern towns. Further east, Central Pahari includes Kumaoni and Garhwali in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, while Nepali itself belongs to the Eastern Pahari group. These languages are related but far from interchangeable. Pahari-Pothwari is mainly a spoken language without a widely used written standard, and speakers in Britain typically read and write in Urdu or English.
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