Tajik is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan, where it is the official language, and by large communities in neighbouring Uzbekistan, notably in Samarkand and Bukhara. It is mutually intelligible in the main with the Persian of Iran and the Dari of Afghanistan, though decades of separation have left differences in vocabulary and pronunciation. The clearest difference is the script: Tajik has been written in Cyrillic since Soviet reforms of the late 1930s, whereas Iran and Afghanistan use the Perso-Arabic script. Tajikistan's population is around ten million, and estimates for Tajik speakers overall run somewhat higher once Uzbekistan's Tajiks are counted. Russian remains widely used in Tajik cities, and labour migration keeps the two languages in close daily contact.
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