Tibetan belongs to the Tibetic group of the Sino-Tibetan family. Its varieties are spoken across the Tibetan Plateau in China, including the Tibet Autonomous Region and parts of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan, and in Himalayan areas of India, Nepal and Bhutan. The three broad dialect groups are Central Tibetan, which includes the speech of Lhasa, Amdo and Kham, and they differ enough that speakers often struggle to understand one another. Taken together, Tibetic varieties have several million speakers. The Tibetan script, an Indic-derived alphabet created in the seventh century, is shared across the dialects, and its spelling preserves pronunciations many spoken varieties dropped long ago. Classical Tibetan remains the language of a vast Buddhist literature, and large exile communities in India keep the language in daily use abroad.
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